无常败灭不得久住 -- 【编辑室】

佛教将无常(anitya)视作为世界观、人生观。因此,佛教认为:世界万有(一切事物和思维概念)都是生灭变化无常的。无常也是衡量一切学说是否符合佛陀教说的原则性标准,是三法印之一。佛教把一切迁流的物质和心理现象都称作“行”,诸行无常的基本命题揭示一切存在的本性。《杂阿含经》说:“色无常,受想行识无常,一切诸行无常。”无常指随生随灭,前生后灭。

佛教认为,任何现象与事物只能存在于极短的刹那间中,此称刹那无常;另一方面又在这刹那之中经历生、住、异、灭四个阶段 ,称有为四相 ,即指一切有为法必然有的四种特征 。就四相前后延续而言 ,有法法具有相续无常的性质。一句话,经验界的一切都属于有为法 ,都是无常性的;只有超验的绝对存在,即佛教作为宗教解脱理想,显示给人们的无为法存在界,才克服了因缘和合造成的生灭无常。人生及宇宙都具有无常本性,因而佛教所说的一切诸行苦,不仅仅是关系生命的价值判断,还涉及全部存在的实相显示。

面对无常,佛家是超脱的。《大般涅盘经》说:“诸行无常,是生灭法;生灭灭已,寂灭为乐。”这是说明世间万物无一得以常住不坏,凡生者必灭,因此,唯有超脱此生、灭的世界,才可达到寂静的境域。也就是说,一切有为法的本性是空寂的,所以无常、无我,所以能实现涅盘,这就是“三法印”的思想根据,也是佛教的根本教义。

无常使生灭相续,无常带给人生无限的光明,无限的生机。如果世间一切永恒常住,则世界必然一片死寂,惟其一切法是由因缘和合而起,缘聚则生,缘散则灭,所以才有春夏秋冬的四时运转,才有花开花落、月圆月缺的物换星移,才有聚散穷通、悲欢离合,也才能构成一个生机无限,多彩多姿的有情世间。

无常为我们的人生开拓更宽广的空间,很多苦难都因无常而重新燃起无限的希望。所以,无常才能进步,才能更新,才能生生不息;无常,蕴藏无限的希望与生机,是最实在,最亲切的真理。

【Editorial】

This issue examines two personifications in

Buddhism as well as fallacies in the pursuit of happiness.

The Compassionate One

To be kind and compassionate is what we are all striving to be and the perfect model for this quality is none other than the Bodhisattva of Compassion, Guanyin. The Guanyin Seminar, page 39, provides some background information of this bodhisattva.

The Fallacies

For those walking on the Path of Dhamma, cultivating the eight steps of the Noble Eightfold Path as taught by the Buddha is a life-long task and we start by getting the right perspective on things. Happiness is Balancing Spiritual and Material Needs, page 43, highlights some of the misconceptions some Buddhists have about cultivation, money-making and simplicity.

The Evil One

Most of us condemn Mara because he was notorious for his attempts to prevent the Buddha from becoming enlightened through violence and distractions prior to the Buddha’s Enlightenment. Brother Shen offers a non-judgemental and compassionate view of the Evil One in Sympathy for the Devil, page 46.